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ifi 16 sirna (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)

Name: ifi 16 sirna
Brand: Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Rating: 92 (6 reviews)

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Santa Cruz Biotechnology ifi 16 sirna
siRNAs used in this study

Ifi 16 Sirna, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 6 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/ifi 16 sirna/product/Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Average 92 stars, based on 6 article reviews

ifi 16 sirna - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02

92/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way"

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

Journal: Journal of Virology

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Legend Snippet: siRNAs used in this study

Techniques Used: Sequencing, Control

Image Search Results

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: siRNAs used in this study

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Sequencing, Control

Heat map of upregulated genes in GO term innate immune response. Reads of the most differentially expressed genes (specified on the right of the heat map) between AAV2-infected (A1 to A3) and mock-infected NHF cells (M1 to M3). The dendrogram (left side of the heat map) illustrates the unsupervised clustering of the genes. The selected GOI ( IFI16 ) is highlighted in red.

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heat map of upregulated genes in GO term innate immune response. Reads of the most differentially expressed genes (specified on the right of the heat map) between AAV2-infected (A1 to A3) and mock-infected NHF cells (M1 to M3). The dendrogram (left side of the heat map) illustrates the unsupervised clustering of the genes. The selected GOI ( IFI16 ) is highlighted in red.

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Infection

Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases AAV2 transduction efficiency independent of the vector genome structure. NHF cells were transfected with no, scr control, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were either mock-infected or infected with rAAVeGFP (MOI 4,000) or scAAVeGFP (MOI 2,000). ( A and D ) At 24 hpi, cells were counted using a fluorescence microscope. ( B and E ) Graphs show mean and SD of the relative cell count of GFP-positive NHF cells from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001). ( C and F ) Knock-down of IFI16 was confirmed on protein level.

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases AAV2 transduction efficiency independent of the vector genome structure. NHF cells were transfected with no, scr control, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were either mock-infected or infected with rAAVeGFP (MOI 4,000) or scAAVeGFP (MOI 2,000). ( A and D ) At 24 hpi, cells were counted using a fluorescence microscope. ( B and E ) Graphs show mean and SD of the relative cell count of GFP-positive NHF cells from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001). ( C and F ) Knock-down of IFI16 was confirmed on protein level.

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Transduction, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Control, Infection, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Cell Counting, Knockdown

Role of interferon signaling. 2fTGH Jak1 -/- cells were transfected with no, scr control, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were either mock-infected or infected with rAAVeGFP (MOI 1,000). At 24 hpi, transduced cells were counted by fluorescence microscopy. ( A ) Graph shows mean and SD of the relative cell count of GFP positive 2fTGH Jak1 -/- cells from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001). ( B ) Knock down of IFI16 was confirmed on protein level.

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of interferon signaling. 2fTGH Jak1 -/- cells were transfected with no, scr control, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were either mock-infected or infected with rAAVeGFP (MOI 1,000). At 24 hpi, transduced cells were counted by fluorescence microscopy. ( A ) Graph shows mean and SD of the relative cell count of GFP positive 2fTGH Jak1 -/- cells from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001). ( B ) Knock down of IFI16 was confirmed on protein level.

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Infection, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Cell Counting, Knockdown

Effect of STING on AAV2 vector-mediated transduction. NHF cells were transfected with no, scr control, STING, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were mock-infected or infected with either rAAVeGFP (MOI 6,000) or scAAVeGFP (MOI 4,000). At 24 hpi, transduced cells were counted by fluorescence microscopy. ( A ) Graphs show mean and SD of the relative cell count of GFP-positive NHF cells from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001). ( B ) Knock down of IFI16 and STING was confirmed on protein level.

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of STING on AAV2 vector-mediated transduction. NHF cells were transfected with no, scr control, STING, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were mock-infected or infected with either rAAVeGFP (MOI 6,000) or scAAVeGFP (MOI 4,000). At 24 hpi, transduced cells were counted by fluorescence microscopy. ( A ) Graphs show mean and SD of the relative cell count of GFP-positive NHF cells from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001). ( B ) Knock down of IFI16 and STING was confirmed on protein level.

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Transduction, Transfection, Control, Infection, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Cell Counting, Knockdown

Exogenous complementation of IFI16 in U2OS IFI16 -/- cells. U2OS IFI16 -/- were either untransduced, transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing GFP (MOI 5), or transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing IFI16 fused to monomeric GFP (MOI 5) in the presence of polybrene. After 72 hours, the cells were infected with rAAV2mCherry (MOI 500). ( A ) mCherry expression was assessed by RT-qPCR using specific primers for mCherry. ( B ) Exogenous complementation of IFI16 was confirmed on transcript level. Graphs show mean and SD of the relative gene expression from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exogenous complementation of IFI16 in U2OS IFI16 -/- cells. U2OS IFI16 -/- were either untransduced, transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing GFP (MOI 5), or transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing IFI16 fused to monomeric GFP (MOI 5) in the presence of polybrene. After 72 hours, the cells were infected with rAAV2mCherry (MOI 500). ( A ) mCherry expression was assessed by RT-qPCR using specific primers for mCherry. ( B ) Exogenous complementation of IFI16 was confirmed on transcript level. Graphs show mean and SD of the relative gene expression from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Transduction, Expressing, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression

Multicolor IF combined with FISH. NHF cells were infected with AAV2 (MOI 20,000). After 24 h, the cells were fixed and processed for multicolor IF analysis combined with FISH and CLSM. IFI16 was detected by direct labeling of the antibody to ATTO-390 (blue). Nucleoli were visualized using an antibody against fibrillarin (red). Capsids were detected using an antibody against intact AAV2 capsids (green). AAV2 DNA (gray) was detected by linking the amine-modified DNA to AF647. ( A ) Nucleolar localization of IFI16 and AAV2 capsids. ( B ) Nucleolar localization of IFI16 and AAV2 DNA. ( C ) Nucleolar localization of IFI16, AAV2 DNA, and, conditionally, intact AAV2 capsids.

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multicolor IF combined with FISH. NHF cells were infected with AAV2 (MOI 20,000). After 24 h, the cells were fixed and processed for multicolor IF analysis combined with FISH and CLSM. IFI16 was detected by direct labeling of the antibody to ATTO-390 (blue). Nucleoli were visualized using an antibody against fibrillarin (red). Capsids were detected using an antibody against intact AAV2 capsids (green). AAV2 DNA (gray) was detected by linking the amine-modified DNA to AF647. ( A ) Nucleolar localization of IFI16 and AAV2 capsids. ( B ) Nucleolar localization of IFI16 and AAV2 DNA. ( C ) Nucleolar localization of IFI16, AAV2 DNA, and, conditionally, intact AAV2 capsids.

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Infection, Labeling, Modification

Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases AAV2 rep but not cap expression. ( A ) NHF and ( B ) U2OS cells were transfected with scr control or IFI16 targeting siRNAs, respectively. At 40 hpt, cells were infected with AAV2 (NHF; MOI 4,000, U2OS; MOI 2,000). At 24 hpi, total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-qPCR using specific primers for the Rep helicase domain ( rep ), cap gene ( cap ), or IFI16 . Graphs show mean and SD of the relative gene expression from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases AAV2 rep but not cap expression. ( A ) NHF and ( B ) U2OS cells were transfected with scr control or IFI16 targeting siRNAs, respectively. At 40 hpt, cells were infected with AAV2 (NHF; MOI 4,000, U2OS; MOI 2,000). At 24 hpi, total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-qPCR using specific primers for the Rep helicase domain ( rep ), cap gene ( cap ), or IFI16 . Graphs show mean and SD of the relative gene expression from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Control, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression

Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases AAV2 genome replication in the presence of AdV5. NHF cells were transfected with scr control or IFI16 targeting siRNAs, respectively. At 40 hpt, cells were either infected with ( A ) AAV2 (MOI 2,000), ( B ) AdV5 (MOI 5), or ( C ) co-infected with AAV2 (MOI 2,000) and AdV5 (MOI 5). After 24 h, total DNA was isolated and subjected to quantitative PCR using specific primers for AAV2 or AdV5, respectively. ( D ) Knock down of IFI16 was confirmed on transcript level. Graphs show mean and SD of the relative genome copy numbers or the relative gene expression, respectively, from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases AAV2 genome replication in the presence of AdV5. NHF cells were transfected with scr control or IFI16 targeting siRNAs, respectively. At 40 hpt, cells were either infected with ( A ) AAV2 (MOI 2,000), ( B ) AdV5 (MOI 5), or ( C ) co-infected with AAV2 (MOI 2,000) and AdV5 (MOI 5). After 24 h, total DNA was isolated and subjected to quantitative PCR using specific primers for AAV2 or AdV5, respectively. ( D ) Knock down of IFI16 was confirmed on transcript level. Graphs show mean and SD of the relative genome copy numbers or the relative gene expression, respectively, from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Infection, Isolation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knockdown, Gene Expression

Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases vector-mediated GFP expression. NHF and U2OS cells were transfected with scr control, GFP control, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were infected either with ( A and B ) rAAVeGFP (NHF; MOI 4,000, U2OS; MOI 2,000) or ( C and D ) scAAVeGFP (NHF; MOI 2,000, U2OS; MOI 1,000). At 24 hpi, total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-qPCR using specific primers for GFP or IFI16 . Graphs show mean and SD of the relative gene expression from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Post-transcriptional silencing of IFI16 increases vector-mediated GFP expression. NHF and U2OS cells were transfected with scr control, GFP control, or IFI16 targeting siRNAs. At 40 hpt, cells were infected either with ( A and B ) rAAVeGFP (NHF; MOI 4,000, U2OS; MOI 2,000) or ( C and D ) scAAVeGFP (NHF; MOI 2,000, U2OS; MOI 1,000). At 24 hpi, total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-qPCR using specific primers for GFP or IFI16 . Graphs show mean and SD of the relative gene expression from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Transfection, Control, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression

IFI16 inhibits AAV2 gene expression in an Sp1-dependent manner. U2OS IFI16 -/- and U2OS wt cells were either untransduced (U2OS IFI16 -/- or U2OS wt, respectively), transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing GFP (MOI 5; U2OS IFI16 -/- + GFP ctrl.), or transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing IFI16 fused to monomeric GFP (MOI 5; U2OS IFI16 -/- + IFI16_GFP). After 72 hours, the cells were infected with AAV2 (MOI 20,000) and 24h later subjected to ChIP assays using an anti-Sp1 antibody and primers for the ( A ) p5 or ( B ) p19 promoter regions, respectively. ( C ) Interaction of IFI16 and Sp1 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation in U2OS wt and U2OS IFI16 -/- cells. Graphs show mean and SD of the relative promoter occupancy from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFI16 inhibits AAV2 gene expression in an Sp1-dependent manner. U2OS IFI16 -/- and U2OS wt cells were either untransduced (U2OS IFI16 -/- or U2OS wt, respectively), transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing GFP (MOI 5; U2OS IFI16 -/- + GFP ctrl.), or transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing IFI16 fused to monomeric GFP (MOI 5; U2OS IFI16 -/- + IFI16_GFP). After 72 hours, the cells were infected with AAV2 (MOI 20,000) and 24h later subjected to ChIP assays using an anti-Sp1 antibody and primers for the ( A ) p5 or ( B ) p19 promoter regions, respectively. ( C ) Interaction of IFI16 and Sp1 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation in U2OS wt and U2OS IFI16 -/- cells. Graphs show mean and SD of the relative promoter occupancy from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Transduction, Expressing, Infection, Immunoprecipitation

IFI16 inhibits AAV2 vector-mediated gene expression in an Sp1-dependent manner. U2OS IFI16 -/- cells or the parental cell line U2OS wt were infected with ( A ) rAAVeGFP (MOI 20,000) or ( B ) scAAVeGFP (MOI 20,000), and at 24 hpi, the cells were subjected to ChIP assays using an anti-Sp1 antibody and primers for CMV promoter regions. Graph shows mean and SD of the relative promoter occupancy from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFI16 inhibits AAV2 vector-mediated gene expression in an Sp1-dependent manner. U2OS IFI16 -/- cells or the parental cell line U2OS wt were infected with ( A ) rAAVeGFP (MOI 20,000) or ( B ) scAAVeGFP (MOI 20,000), and at 24 hpi, the cells were subjected to ChIP assays using an anti-Sp1 antibody and primers for CMV promoter regions. Graph shows mean and SD of the relative promoter occupancy from triplicate experiments. P -values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t -test (* P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Gene Expression, Infection

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: RT-qPCR primers used in this study

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way

doi: 10.1128/jvi.00110-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: siRNAs used in this study

Article Snippet: IFI16 pool , IFI-16 siRNA (h): sc-35633, Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Sequencing, Control

IFI16 knockdown reduces APOL1 gene expression induced by roxadustat in AB8/13 podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 podocytes were transfected for 48 h with control siRNA (Co) or siRNA pool targeting IFI16 and subsequently treated with 100 µM of roxadustat (Roxa) for 24 h. Expression of IFI16 and APOL1 proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-actin protein levels served as the loading control. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. Intensities of protein bands were quantified by densitometric scanning. Expression levels of APOL1 and IFI16 proteins were normalized against β-actin levels. In cells transfected with control siRNA only, the APOL1/β-actin and IFI16/β-actin ratios were both set as 1.0. ( B ) Expression of IFI16 mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFI16 knockdown reduces APOL1 gene expression induced by roxadustat in AB8/13 podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 podocytes were transfected for 48 h with control siRNA (Co) or siRNA pool targeting IFI16 and subsequently treated with 100 µM of roxadustat (Roxa) for 24 h. Expression of IFI16 and APOL1 proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-actin protein levels served as the loading control. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. Intensities of protein bands were quantified by densitometric scanning. Expression levels of APOL1 and IFI16 proteins were normalized against β-actin levels. In cells transfected with control siRNA only, the APOL1/β-actin and IFI16/β-actin ratios were both set as 1.0. ( B ) Expression of IFI16 mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test.

Article Snippet: AB8/13 podocytes were seeded in six-well plates (2.5 × 10 5 cells/well) and transfected with pools of siRNAs (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Dallas, TX, USA) specifically targeting IFI16 (sc-35633), HIF-1α (sc-35561), STING (sc-92042), and IRF3 (sc-35710) as well as a non-targeting control siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-36869) using the jetPrime transfection reagent (Polyplus) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Knockdown, Gene Expression, Transfection, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR

IFI16 knockout attenuates APOL1 gene expression in podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 and IFI16 knockout (IFI16KO) cells generated from parental AB8/13 podocytes were exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 0, 6, or 24 h. Expression of APOL1, HIF-1α, and IFI16 proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-actin protein levels served as the loading control. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. Intensities of protein bands were quantified by densitometric scanning. Expression levels of APOL1, HIF-1α, and IFI16 proteins were normalized against β-actin levels. In cells exposed to hypoxia for 0 h, the APOL1/β-actin, HIF-1α/β-actin, and IFI16/β-actin ratios were set as 1.0. ( B ) Expression of APOL1 and HIF-1α mRNA in AB8/13 and ( C ) IFI16KO podocytes exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for the times indicated was analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Control cells were incubated in normoxic conditions and collected after 24 h. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test. ( D ) AB8/13 or ( E ) IFI16KO podocytes were treated for 24 h with either DMSO (control), 100 µM of roxadustat, 1 µM of the STING agonist diABZI, or 10 ng/mL of IFNγ. Expression of APOL1 protein levels was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-actin protein levels served as the loading control. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. In the control AB8/13 ( D ) and IFI16KO ( E , left panel) cells exposed to DMSO only, the APOL1/β-actin ratios were set as 1.0.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFI16 knockout attenuates APOL1 gene expression in podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 and IFI16 knockout (IFI16KO) cells generated from parental AB8/13 podocytes were exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 0, 6, or 24 h. Expression of APOL1, HIF-1α, and IFI16 proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-actin protein levels served as the loading control. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. Intensities of protein bands were quantified by densitometric scanning. Expression levels of APOL1, HIF-1α, and IFI16 proteins were normalized against β-actin levels. In cells exposed to hypoxia for 0 h, the APOL1/β-actin, HIF-1α/β-actin, and IFI16/β-actin ratios were set as 1.0. ( B ) Expression of APOL1 and HIF-1α mRNA in AB8/13 and ( C ) IFI16KO podocytes exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for the times indicated was analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Control cells were incubated in normoxic conditions and collected after 24 h. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test. ( D ) AB8/13 or ( E ) IFI16KO podocytes were treated for 24 h with either DMSO (control), 100 µM of roxadustat, 1 µM of the STING agonist diABZI, or 10 ng/mL of IFNγ. Expression of APOL1 protein levels was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-actin protein levels served as the loading control. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. In the control AB8/13 ( D ) and IFI16KO ( E , left panel) cells exposed to DMSO only, the APOL1/β-actin ratios were set as 1.0.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Gene Expression, Generated, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Incubation

$HIF-1α does not interact with IFI16 in the nucleus of roxadustat-treated podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 and IFI16KO podocytes were treated with 100 µM of roxadustat (Roxa) for 4 h, and then cellular lysates were processed to yield cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Expression of HIF-1α, IFI16, a-tubulin, and lamin B1 proteins was measured by immunoblotting. α-tubulin and lamin B1 proteins indicate cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. ( B ) Nuclear fractions isolated from AB8/13 podocytes treated with 100 µM of roxadustat for 4 h were co-immunoprecipitated using anti-IFI16, anti-HIF-1α, or IgG control antibodies. Input (20 µg) and immunoprecipitated (500 µg) samples were analyzed by immunoblotting. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated.$

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: HIF-1α does not interact with IFI16 in the nucleus of roxadustat-treated podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 and IFI16KO podocytes were treated with 100 µM of roxadustat (Roxa) for 4 h, and then cellular lysates were processed to yield cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Expression of HIF-1α, IFI16, a-tubulin, and lamin B1 proteins was measured by immunoblotting. α-tubulin and lamin B1 proteins indicate cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated. ( B ) Nuclear fractions isolated from AB8/13 podocytes treated with 100 µM of roxadustat for 4 h were co-immunoprecipitated using anti-IFI16, anti-HIF-1α, or IgG control antibodies. Input (20 µg) and immunoprecipitated (500 µg) samples were analyzed by immunoblotting. A representative immunoblot image from two independent experiments is shown. Protein ladder markers (kDa) are indicated.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Isolation, Immunoprecipitation, Control

HIF-1α interacts with selected HRE sequences localized in APOL1 regulatory elements. ( A ) Diagram of APOL1 gene locus (UCSC Genome Browser hg38 chr22). HREs 1-4 (red bars) are localized on a plus DNA strand. HREs 5 and 6 (green bars) are localized on a minus strand. APOL1 exons are shown as black bars. The blue horizontal line represents the APOL1 promoter/enhancer region upstream of the transcription start site, TSS. The nucleotide numbering of putative HREs is based on a positive strand of the APOL1 gene. ( B ) AB8/13 podocytes were treated with 100 µM of roxadustat for 4 h and then subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-HIF-1α or ( C ) anti-IFI16 antibodies. ( D ) IFI16KO podocytes were treated with 100 µM of roxadustat for 4 h and then subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-HIF-1α antibodies. The immunoprecipitated DNA fragments were analyzed by qPCR using primers specific for HRE sequences . ( E ) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with an empty pGL4 luciferase vector (pGL4) or with a cloned HRE 5-6 region (pGL4 HRE 5-6) and a control pSV β-galactosidase vector. At 24 h post-transfection, the cells were exposed to 100 µM of roxadustat or DMSO (control) for 8 h and lysed, and the luciferase/β-galactosidase ratio was determined. Values in ( B – D ) are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using an unpaired t -test; ns, not significant ( p > 0.05). Values in ( E ) are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: HIF-1α interacts with selected HRE sequences localized in APOL1 regulatory elements. ( A ) Diagram of APOL1 gene locus (UCSC Genome Browser hg38 chr22). HREs 1-4 (red bars) are localized on a plus DNA strand. HREs 5 and 6 (green bars) are localized on a minus strand. APOL1 exons are shown as black bars. The blue horizontal line represents the APOL1 promoter/enhancer region upstream of the transcription start site, TSS. The nucleotide numbering of putative HREs is based on a positive strand of the APOL1 gene. ( B ) AB8/13 podocytes were treated with 100 µM of roxadustat for 4 h and then subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-HIF-1α or ( C ) anti-IFI16 antibodies. ( D ) IFI16KO podocytes were treated with 100 µM of roxadustat for 4 h and then subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-HIF-1α antibodies. The immunoprecipitated DNA fragments were analyzed by qPCR using primers specific for HRE sequences . ( E ) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with an empty pGL4 luciferase vector (pGL4) or with a cloned HRE 5-6 region (pGL4 HRE 5-6) and a control pSV β-galactosidase vector. At 24 h post-transfection, the cells were exposed to 100 µM of roxadustat or DMSO (control) for 8 h and lysed, and the luciferase/β-galactosidase ratio was determined. Values in ( B – D ) are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using an unpaired t -test; ns, not significant ( p > 0.05). Values in ( E ) are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test.

Techniques: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Luciferase, Plasmid Preparation, Clone Assay, Control

IFI16 knockout does not affect the expression of selected hypoxia-targeted genes in podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 and ( B ) IFI16KO podocytes were exposed to DMSO (Control) or 100 µM of roxadustat (Roxa) for 24 h. mRNA expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), lysyl oxidase (LOX), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cGAS, and STING were analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using an unpaired t -test.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFI16 knockout does not affect the expression of selected hypoxia-targeted genes in podocytes. ( A ) AB8/13 and ( B ) IFI16KO podocytes were exposed to DMSO (Control) or 100 µM of roxadustat (Roxa) for 24 h. mRNA expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), lysyl oxidase (LOX), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cGAS, and STING were analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Values are expressed as means ± SD of three independent biological replicates using an unpaired t -test.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR

Proposed model illustrating the critical role of the nuclear IFI16 protein in promoting the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional regulation of the APOL1 gene in podocytes under hypoxia. Under low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia), nuclear IFI16 assists in the binding of the HIF-1α/HIF-1β heterodimer to the hypoxia response element (HRE) within the APOL1 gene’s promoter/enhancer region, thereby facilitating the stimulation of APOL1 gene expression. Conversely, in the absence of IFI16, the capacity of HIF-1α to bind to the HRE and enhance APOL1 gene expression is markedly reduced, underscoring IFI16’s essential role in the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional activation of the APOL1 gene. The hypothetical positioning of nucleosomes (Nuc) on the APOL1 promoter/enhancer is depicted. This illustration was created with BioRender.com.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed model illustrating the critical role of the nuclear IFI16 protein in promoting the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional regulation of the APOL1 gene in podocytes under hypoxia. Under low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia), nuclear IFI16 assists in the binding of the HIF-1α/HIF-1β heterodimer to the hypoxia response element (HRE) within the APOL1 gene’s promoter/enhancer region, thereby facilitating the stimulation of APOL1 gene expression. Conversely, in the absence of IFI16, the capacity of HIF-1α to bind to the HRE and enhance APOL1 gene expression is markedly reduced, underscoring IFI16’s essential role in the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional activation of the APOL1 gene. The hypothetical positioning of nucleosomes (Nuc) on the APOL1 promoter/enhancer is depicted. This illustration was created with BioRender.com.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Gene Expression, Activation Assay

Primer sequences (5’-3’) used in this study.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions

doi: 10.3390/ijms25063324

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer sequences (5’-3’) used in this study.

Techniques: Amplification, Cloning, Plasmid Preparation

Figure 1. Direct co-culture with macrophages upregulates the expression level of IFI16 and promotes NF-κB signaling in ESCC cell lines. (A) qRT-PCR results showing that upregulated mRNA levels of IFI16 were observed in co-cultured ESCC cells compared to mono-cultured ESCC cells. GAPDH was quantiﬁed as an internal control. (B) Upregulated protein levels of IFI16 and promoted phospho- rylation of NF-κB in co-cultured ESCC cells compared to mono-cultured ESCC cells, shown using Western blotting. The internal control for Western blotting was β-actin. The expression levels were quantiﬁed using ImageJ software, and the relative value was set as 1.00 for mono-cultured ESCC cells. Mono, mono-cultured; Co, co-cultured; UND, undetected. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: Cells

Article Title: IFI16 Induced by Direct Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Macrophages Promotes Tumor Progression via Secretion of IL-1α.

doi: 10.3390/cells12222603

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Direct co-culture with macrophages upregulates the expression level of IFI16 and promotes NF-κB signaling in ESCC cell lines. (A) qRT-PCR results showing that upregulated mRNA levels of IFI16 were observed in co-cultured ESCC cells compared to mono-cultured ESCC cells. GAPDH was quantiﬁed as an internal control. (B) Upregulated protein levels of IFI16 and promoted phospho- rylation of NF-κB in co-cultured ESCC cells compared to mono-cultured ESCC cells, shown using Western blotting. The internal control for Western blotting was β-actin. The expression levels were quantiﬁed using ImageJ software, and the relative value was set as 1.00 for mono-cultured ESCC cells. Mono, mono-cultured; Co, co-cultured; UND, undetected. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ESCC cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting human IFI16 (siIFI16; 20 nM; sc-35633; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Control, Western Blot, Software

Figure 2. Knockdown of IFI16 suppresses malignant phenotypes via Erk and NF-κB signaling in ESCC cell lines. (A) qRT-PCR was applied to conﬁrm the knockdown of IFI16 mRNA in ESCC cells. GAPDH was quantiﬁed as an internal control. (B) Western blotting was applied to conﬁrm the knockdown of IFI16 at the protein level and to evaluate the effect of IFI16 silencing on the phosphorylation levels of Erk and NF-κB in ESCC cells. The internal control for Western blotting was β-actin. The expression levels were quantiﬁed using ImageJ software, and the relative value was set as 1.00 for siNC-transfected ESCC cells. (C–E) An MTS assay or transwell migration assay revealed suppressed survival (C), growth (D), and migration (E) following IFI16 knockdown in ESCC cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. siNC, negative control of siRNA; siIFI16, siRNA against IFI16.

Journal: Cells

Article Title: IFI16 Induced by Direct Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Macrophages Promotes Tumor Progression via Secretion of IL-1α.

doi: 10.3390/cells12222603

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Knockdown of IFI16 suppresses malignant phenotypes via Erk and NF-κB signaling in ESCC cell lines. (A) qRT-PCR was applied to conﬁrm the knockdown of IFI16 mRNA in ESCC cells. GAPDH was quantiﬁed as an internal control. (B) Western blotting was applied to conﬁrm the knockdown of IFI16 at the protein level and to evaluate the effect of IFI16 silencing on the phosphorylation levels of Erk and NF-κB in ESCC cells. The internal control for Western blotting was β-actin. The expression levels were quantiﬁed using ImageJ software, and the relative value was set as 1.00 for siNC-transfected ESCC cells. (C–E) An MTS assay or transwell migration assay revealed suppressed survival (C), growth (D), and migration (E) following IFI16 knockdown in ESCC cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. siNC, negative control of siRNA; siIFI16, siRNA against IFI16.

Techniques: Knockdown, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Software, Transfection, MTS Assay, Transwell Migration Assay, Migration, Negative Control

Figure 3. IFI16 regulates the secretion of IL-1α from ESCC cell lines, which plays an important role in their malignant phenotypes. (A) The cytokine array between the culture supernatant of TE-11 cells transfected with siNC and TE-11 cells transfected with siIFI16 revealed suppressed expression of IL- 1α by silencing IFI16. The positive and negative control spots were also shown. The expression levels were quantiﬁed using ImageJ software, and the relative value was set as 1.00 for siNC-transfected TE-11 cells. (B) qRT-PCR was applied to conﬁrm the suppression of IL1A mRNA by IFI16 knockdown in ESCC cells. GAPDH was quantiﬁed as an internal control. (C) ELISA was applied to conﬁrm the suppressed secretion of IL-1α by IFI16 knockdown in ESCC cells. (D–F) An MTS assay or transwell migration assay was performed between mono-cultured ESCC cells, co-cultured ESCC cells, co- cultured ESCC cells with a control goat IgG antibody, and co-cultured ESCC cells with an anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibody to evaluate survival (D), growth (E), and migration (F). These phenotypes of ESCC cells after co-culture with macrophages were abrogated by the use of anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibodies. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. N/S, not signiﬁcant; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. siNC, negative control of siRNA; siIFI16, siRNA against IFI16; UND, undetected; Control IgG, normal goat IgG control; anti-IL-1α, anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibody.

Journal: Cells

Article Title: IFI16 Induced by Direct Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Macrophages Promotes Tumor Progression via Secretion of IL-1α.

doi: 10.3390/cells12222603

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. IFI16 regulates the secretion of IL-1α from ESCC cell lines, which plays an important role in their malignant phenotypes. (A) The cytokine array between the culture supernatant of TE-11 cells transfected with siNC and TE-11 cells transfected with siIFI16 revealed suppressed expression of IL- 1α by silencing IFI16. The positive and negative control spots were also shown. The expression levels were quantiﬁed using ImageJ software, and the relative value was set as 1.00 for siNC-transfected TE-11 cells. (B) qRT-PCR was applied to conﬁrm the suppression of IL1A mRNA by IFI16 knockdown in ESCC cells. GAPDH was quantiﬁed as an internal control. (C) ELISA was applied to conﬁrm the suppressed secretion of IL-1α by IFI16 knockdown in ESCC cells. (D–F) An MTS assay or transwell migration assay was performed between mono-cultured ESCC cells, co-cultured ESCC cells, co- cultured ESCC cells with a control goat IgG antibody, and co-cultured ESCC cells with an anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibody to evaluate survival (D), growth (E), and migration (F). These phenotypes of ESCC cells after co-culture with macrophages were abrogated by the use of anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibodies. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. N/S, not signiﬁcant; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. siNC, negative control of siRNA; siIFI16, siRNA against IFI16; UND, undetected; Control IgG, normal goat IgG control; anti-IL-1α, anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibody.

Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Negative Control, Software, Quantitative RT-PCR, Knockdown, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, MTS Assay, Transwell Migration Assay, Cell Culture, Migration, Co-Culture Assay

Figure 5. Patients with ESCC who exhibit a high expression of IFI16 tend to have a poor prognosis in terms of disease-free survival. (A) Immunohistochemical staining for IFI16 was performed in surgically resected ESCC tissues. Representative images for the invasive front of ESCC tissues are shown. Scale bar in ×40 images: 200 µm; Scale bar in ×400 images: 20 µm. (B) The survival curve for overall survival, cause-speciﬁc survival, and disease-free survival was plotted with the Kaplan–Meier method. The data were analyzed with the log-rank test.

Journal: Cells

Article Title: IFI16 Induced by Direct Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Macrophages Promotes Tumor Progression via Secretion of IL-1α.

doi: 10.3390/cells12222603

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Patients with ESCC who exhibit a high expression of IFI16 tend to have a poor prognosis in terms of disease-free survival. (A) Immunohistochemical staining for IFI16 was performed in surgically resected ESCC tissues. Representative images for the invasive front of ESCC tissues are shown. Scale bar in ×40 images: 200 µm; Scale bar in ×400 images: 20 µm. (B) The survival curve for overall survival, cause-speciﬁc survival, and disease-free survival was plotted with the Kaplan–Meier method. The data were analyzed with the log-rank test.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Figure 6. Schematic summary of our ﬁndings on the role of IFI16 in the ESCC microenvironment. IFI16 was upregulated in ESCC cells which directly interacted with macrophages. Upregulation of IFI16 led to promoted secretion of IL-1α. IL-1α enhanced malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells, especially migration via Erk and NF-κB signaling.

Journal: Cells

Article Title: IFI16 Induced by Direct Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Macrophages Promotes Tumor Progression via Secretion of IL-1α.

doi: 10.3390/cells12222603

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Schematic summary of our ﬁndings on the role of IFI16 in the ESCC microenvironment. IFI16 was upregulated in ESCC cells which directly interacted with macrophages. Upregulation of IFI16 led to promoted secretion of IL-1α. IL-1α enhanced malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells, especially migration via Erk and NF-κB signaling.

Techniques: Migration

Review

Structured Review

Images

1) Product Images from "Interferon-γ inducible factor 16 (IFI16) restricts adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) transduction in an immune-modulatory independent way"

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